LONDON — Oil prices were volatile on Monday, after surging 7 percent on Friday, as renewed strikes by Israel and Iran over the weekend increased concerns that the conflict could widen across the Middle East and significantly disrupt oil exports from the region.
Brent crude futures were up 33 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $74.56 a barrel, while US West Texas Intermediate crude futures gained 38 cents or 0.5 percent, to $73.36. They had surged more than $4 a barrel earlier in the session and also fell into negative territory briefly.
Both benchmarks settled 7 percent higher on Friday, having jumped more than 13 percent during the session to their highest levels since January.
“It all boils down to how the conflict escalates around energy flows,” said Harry Tchilinguirian, group head of research at Onyx Capital Group. “So far, production capacity and export capacity have been spared and there hasn’t been any effort on the part of Iran to impair flows through the Strait of Hormuz. But no one can predict which way the conflict is going to go.”
Iranian missiles struck Israel’s Tel Aviv and the port city of Haifa on Monday, destroying homes and fuelling concerns among world leaders at this week’s G7 meeting that the battle between the two old enemies could lead to a broader regional conflict.
An exchange of strikes between Israel and Iran on Sunday resulted in civilian casualties, with both militaries urging civilians on the opposing side to take precautions against further attacks.
A key question is whether the conflict will lead to disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, a vital shipping passage.
About a fifth of the world’s total oil consumption, or some 18 to 19 million barrels per day (bpd) of oil, condensate and fuel, passes through the strait.
While markets are watching for potential disruptions to Iranian oil production due to Israel’s strikes on energy facilities, heightened fears over a Strait of Hormuz blockade could sharply lift prices, said Toshitaka Tazawa, an analyst at Fujitomi Securities.
Iran, a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), currently produces around 3.3 million bpd and exports more than 2 million bpd of oil and fuel.
The spare capacity of OPEC and its allies, including Russia, to pump more oil to offset any disruption is roughly equivalent to Iran’s output, according to analysts and OPEC watchers.
“If Iranian crude exports are disrupted, Chinese refiners, the sole buyers of Iranian barrels, would need to seek alternative grades from other Middle Eastern countries and Russian crudes,” Richard Joswick, head of near-term oil analysis at S&P Global Commodity Insights, said in a note.
“This could also boost freight rates and tanker insurance premiums, narrow the Brent-Dubai spread, and hurt refinery margins, particularly in Asia,” Joswick added.
China’s crude oil throughput declined by 1.8 percent in May from a year earlier to the lowest level since August, official data showed on Monday, as maintenance at both state-owned and independent refineries curbed operations.
US President Donald Trump said on Sunday he hoped Israel and Iran could broker a ceasefire, but added that sometimes countries had to fight it out first. Trump said the US would continue to support Israel but declined to say if he had asked the US ally to pause its strikes on Iran.
German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said he hoped a meeting of the Group of Seven leaders convening in Canada on Sunday would reach an agreement to help resolve the conflict and keep it from escalating.
Meanwhile, Iran has told mediators Qatar and Oman that it is not open to negotiating a ceasefire while under Israeli attack, an official briefed on the communications told Reuters on Sunday.
